45 research outputs found
Online reference services : overview of their development in theory and practice
Online referentne usluge, u svom najopÄenitijem obliku, predstavljaju referentne usluge u mrežnom okruženju. U radu je dan sažet pregled razvoja online referentnih usluga od njihovih poÄetaka pa sve do danas. Na poÄetku, razmatra se njihova povijest te odnos s tradicionalnom referentnom uslugom. U teoretskom dijelu rada dana je definicija i podjela online referentnih usluga, a zatim je opisan najzastupljeniji model usluge. Dio rada, koji razmatra praktiÄne vidove promatranog fenomena, govori o tehniÄkim standardima te programskoj podrÅ”ci online referentnim uslugama. U zavrÅ”nom dijelu rada slijedi i kratki prikaz dviju online referentnih službi dostupnih u Hrvatskoj: Pitajte knjižniÄare ā online referentne usluge hrvatskih narodnih knjižnica te usluge QuestionPoint, trenutno najveÄe online referentne usluge na svijetu, koju nudi i Nacionalna i sveuÄiliÅ”na knjižnica u Zagrebu.In their most common form online reference services represent the reference services in a network environment. The paper gives a concise overview of the development of online reference services from their beginnings until today. First part describes the relationship between online and traditional reference services. The theoretical part of the work deals with definition and types of online reference services but also discusses the most common model of services. Part of the paper that provides practical aspects of the observed phenomena tells more about technical standards and program support to online reference services. Finally, two Croatian online reference services are presented: Ask the librarians from Croatian public libraries and QuestionPoint, currently the largest online reference service in the world, offered in Croatia by the National and University Library in Zagreb
DIKW ā hijerarhija: za i protiv
Koncept DIKW-hijerarhije (engl. Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy) osmiÅ”ljen je 1980-ih kako bi na Å”to jednostavniji naÄin oslikao odnose izmeÄu možda kljuÄnih pojmova u knjižniÄnoj i informacijskoj znanosti danas ā podatka, informacije, znanja i mudrosti. U radu se izlaže i kritiÄki analizira tumaÄenje koncepta DIKW-hijerarhije u literaturi iz dvaju velikih podruÄja ā upravljanja znanjem i knjižniÄne i informacijske znanosti. Dan je kratki osvrt na porijeklo nastanka DIKW-koncepta te njegov najÄeÅ”Äi prikaz u obliku piramide, odnosno trokuta. Nadalje, DIKW-hijerarhija propituje se kao model i kao simbol. Kao model, DIKW-hijerarhija dopuÅ”ta dodatne interpretacije strukturnih i funkcionalnih znaÄajki vezanih uz procese transformiranja, procesiranja i meÄusobnog sadržavanja ugraÄenih DIKW-koncepata u modelu. Kao simbol, DIKW-hijerarhija, u najopÄenitijem smislu, može simbolizirati proces stjecanja znanja kao najprihvatljiviju moguÄnost, otvarajuÄi vrata metaforiÄnoj interpretaciji pojedinih pojmova ukljuÄenih u nadreÄeni DIKW-koncept. Na kraju rada dan je osvrt i na pojedine kritiÄke pristupe DIKW-hijerarhiji, prije svega na kritike njezinih logiÄkih i epistemoloÅ”kih pretpostavki. Autor zatim izlaže vlastitu kritiku simboliÄnog prikaza i metaforiÄne interpretacije DIKW-hijerarhije kao piramide te zakljuÄuje da je sudbina DIKW-hijerarhije neizvjesnija nego ikada prije
DIKW ā hijerarhija: za i protiv
Koncept DIKW-hijerarhije (engl. Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy) osmiÅ”ljen je 1980-ih kako bi na Å”to jednostavniji naÄin oslikao odnose izmeÄu možda kljuÄnih pojmova u knjižniÄnoj i informacijskoj znanosti danas ā podatka, informacije, znanja i mudrosti. U radu se izlaže i kritiÄki analizira tumaÄenje koncepta DIKW-hijerarhije u literaturi iz dvaju velikih podruÄja ā upravljanja znanjem i knjižniÄne i informacijske znanosti. Dan je kratki osvrt na porijeklo nastanka DIKW-koncepta te njegov najÄeÅ”Äi prikaz u obliku piramide, odnosno trokuta. Nadalje, DIKW-hijerarhija propituje se kao model i kao simbol. Kao model, DIKW-hijerarhija dopuÅ”ta dodatne interpretacije strukturnih i funkcionalnih znaÄajki vezanih uz procese transformiranja, procesiranja i meÄusobnog sadržavanja ugraÄenih DIKW-koncepata u modelu. Kao simbol, DIKW-hijerarhija, u najopÄenitijem smislu, može simbolizirati proces stjecanja znanja kao najprihvatljiviju moguÄnost, otvarajuÄi vrata metaforiÄnoj interpretaciji pojedinih pojmova ukljuÄenih u nadreÄeni DIKW-koncept. Na kraju rada dan je osvrt i na pojedine kritiÄke pristupe DIKW-hijerarhiji, prije svega na kritike njezinih logiÄkih i epistemoloÅ”kih pretpostavki. Autor zatim izlaže vlastitu kritiku simboliÄnog prikaza i metaforiÄne interpretacije DIKW-hijerarhije kao piramide te zakljuÄuje da je sudbina DIKW-hijerarhije neizvjesnija nego ikada prije
Studentsā copyright protection in institutional repoistories
The issue of copyright,especially with the advent of new tecnologies,is the provocative question in the scientific and academic community. Despite the copyright regulations similar to most of the countries in the world, the problem of unauthorized exploitation of works is growing. In terms of solving the above problems, a lot is said about the theoretical and legal solutions, but practical options that are free and easily accessible are often forgot
Knowledge acquisition process as an issue in information sciences
Kroz perspektivu osobitoga, problemskog stajaliÅ”ta, u radu je dan osvrt na nekoliko problema informacijskih znanosti koji se eksplicite spominju u literaturi. RijeÄ je o problemima informacijske eksplozije i informacijske poplave te poplave podataka, zatim informacijskog pretraživanja i relevantnosti informacija te, na koncu, problemu znanstvene komunikacije. Svrha je rada obrazložiti zaÅ”to se i naÄin stjecanja znanja, implementiran odgovarajuÄim procesom, može smatrati problemom informacijskih znanosti. U skladu s tim, postojeÄa teorijska osnova u okviru same informacijske znanosti ā DIKW-hijerarhija ā utemeljena na njezinim kljuÄnim pojmovima ā podatku, informaciji, znanju i mudrosti, u radu se prepoznaje kao simboliÄki prikaz i teorijsko utemeljenje procesa stjecanja znanja. Å toviÅ”e, Äini se da je veza izmeÄu DIKW-hijerarhije i procesa stjecanja znanja od kljuÄne važnosti za ÄvrÅ”Äe utemeljenje informacijske znanosti u 'tijelu' sveukupnog ljudskog znanja. Nadalje, dan je osvrt na povijest Äovjekova i strojnog stjecanja znanja te iznesen prijedlog da DIKW-hijerarhija zauzme mjesto simbola opÄeg naÄina stjecanja znanja, koji bi se u jednakoj mjeri mogao odnositi na Äovjekovo i strojno stjecanje znanja. Za ostvarenje tog cilja, temeljem iznesenih kritika, nužno je izmijeniti postojeÄi koncept DIKW-hijerarhije. OdgovarajuÄa izmjena koncepta DIKW-hijerarhije (od kojih je jedna u radu i spomenuta) mogla bi imati za posljedicu znatno ÄvrÅ”Äe teorijsko utemeljenje procesa stjecanja znanja, kao i informacijske znanosti u cjelini. Na kraju rada obrazložene su i teorijske pretpostavke na kojima se proces stjecanja znanja može zasnovati kao problem informacijskih znanosti. Proces stjecanja znanja nužno ne mora biti predmetom epistemologije; kao takav može ostvariti ÄvrÅ”Äu vezu izmeÄu pojmova podatka i znanja; nadalje, može se rabiti u kontekstu znanstveno-istraživaÄkog rada, ali na primitivnijoj razini od one na kojoj se provode znanstvene metode; osim toga, njegov opis, za razliku od drugih problema informacijske znanosti, nužno ukljuÄuje sva Äetiri DIKW-koncepta, a njegovo rjeÅ”enje može voditi potpunijoj informacijskoj teoriji, odnosno teoriji informacija.The paper presents an overview of some problems of information science which are explicitly portrayed in literature. It covers the following issues: information explosion, information flood and data deluge, information retrieval and relevance of information, and finally, the problem of scientific communication. The purpose of this paper is to explain why knowledge acquisition, can be considered as an issue in information sciences. The existing theoretical foundation within the information sciences, i.e. the DIKW hierarchy and its key concepts - data, information, knowledge and wisdom, is recognized as a symbolic representation as well as the theoretical foundation of the knowledge acquisition process. Moreover, it seems that the relationship between the DIKW hierarchy and the knowledge acquisition process is essential for a stronger foundation of information sciences in the 'body' of the overall human knowledge. In addition, the history of both the human and machine knowledge acquisition has been considered, as well as a proposal that the DIKW hierarchy take place as a symbol of general knowledge acquisition process, which could equally relate to both human and machine knowledge acquisition. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to modify the existing concept of the DIKW hierarchy. The appropriate modification of the DIKW hierarchy (one of which is presented in this paper) could result in a much more solid theoretical foundation of the knowledge acquisition process and information sciences as a whole. The theoretical assumptions on which the knowledge acquisition process may be established as a problem of information science are presented at the end of the paper. The knowledge acquisition process does not necessarily have to be the subject of epistemology. It may establish a stronger link between the concepts of data and knowledge; furthermore, it can be used in the context of scientific research, but on the more primitive level than conducting of scientific methods. Moreover, the description of this process, as opposed to other problems of information sciences, necessarily involves all four DIKW concepts. Finally, the solution of this problem may result in a more complete theory of information
Why Does Our Experience Start from the Middle? On Three āMeditations on the Mediated Experienceā
U radu se s jednoga osobitog stajaliÅ”ta, koje zahvaÄa u nekoliko podruÄja ljudskog znanja i djelatnosti, nastoji ukazati na moguÄe izvore naÅ”ega iskustva koji se temelje na znakovima i relacijama izmeÄu znakova, kao i na procesu pridavanja znaÄenja. Kroz pomno odabrane teorijske pristupe i tradicije miÅ”ljenja koji porijeklo vuku iz razliÄitih podruÄja znanosti, u radu se nastojala elaborirati i potvrditi glavna teza: da naÅ”e iskustvo zapoÄinje iz sredine i da je, kao takvo, uvijek posredovano; bilo oznaÄiteljima kako se tvrdi u poststrukturalistiÄkoj teoriji pisma Jacquesa Derridaa, bilo procesom pridavanja znaÄenja u konstruktivistiÄkom pristupu kognitivnome procesu Heinza von Foerstera ili pak putem samog oznaÄenoga kao pojave koja u eksperimentima kvantne fizike nastaje tek samim Äinom motrenja, a Å”to prejudiciraju filozofske implikacije kvantne teorije Wernera Heisenberga.From a particular point of view that engages in several areas of human knowledge and activity, the paper attempts to trace possible sources of our experience based on signs and their interrelationships, as well as the process of attributing meaning. The main thesis of the paper is that our experience starts from the middle, and as such, it is always mediated, either by signifiers, as suggested by Jacques Derridaās poststructuralist theory on writing, or by the process of attributing meaning according to Heinz von Foersterās constructivist approach to the cognitive process, or by means of the signified as an occurrence that is generated in experiments of quantum physics only by the very act of observation, presupposed by the philosophical implications of the quantum theory by Werner Heisenberg
Descriptive markup languages and the development of digital humanities
Rad razmatra ulogu opisnih oznaÄiteljskih jezika u razvoju digitalne humanistike, novije znanstvene discipline u sklopu druÅ”tvenih i humanistiÄkih znanosti, koju karakterizira prouÄavanje moguÄnosti uporabe raÄunala u znanstvenoistraživaÄkom radu. Izložen je kronoloÅ”ki prikaz razvoja digitalne humanistike, a potom i opisnih oznaÄiteljskih jezika, u nekoliko razvojnih faza. Pokazano je da je razvoj digitalne humanistike od sredine 1980-ih i pojave SGML-a, oznaÄiteljskog jezika na kojem poÄiva TEI, kljuÄni standard za oznaÄavanje i razmjenu humanistiÄkih tekstova u digitalnom okruženju, neodvojiv od razvoja oznaÄiteljskih jezika. Posebna je pozornost pridana predstavljanju razvoja Inicijative za oznaÄavanje teksta (Text Encoding Initiative ā TEI), kljuÄne organizacije koja je razvila istoimeni standard, kako s organizacijskog tako i s oznaÄiteljskog aspekta. Do danas TEI standard objavljen je u pet inaÄica, a tijekom dvijetisuÄitih SGML je zamijenjen XML oznaÄiteljskim jezikom.The paper discusses the role of descriptive markup languages in the development of digital humanities, a new research discipline that is part of social sciences and humanities, which focuses on the use of computers in research. A chronological review of the development of digital humanities, and then descriptive markup languages is exposed, through several developmental stages. It is shown that the development of digital humanities since the mid-1980s and the appearance of SGML, markup language that was the foundation of TEI, a key standard for the encoding and exchange of humanities texts in the digital environment, is inseparable from the development of markup languages. Special attention is dedicated to the presentation of the Text Encoding Initiative ā TEI development, a key organization that developed the titled standard, both from organizational and markup perspectives. By this time, TEI standard is published in five versions, and during 2000s SGML is replaced by XML markup language
Information in the knowledge acquisition process
The purpose of this paper is to propose an appropriate symbolic representation, as well as its metaphorical interpretation, to illustrate the special role of information in the knowledge acquisition process. Besides the literature review, this is a speculative study based on a symbolic and metaphorical point of view. The proposed symbolic representation was derived from the conceptual designation of information āas a flowā and, accordingly, by the corresponding redrawing of the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) pyramid. The knowledge acquisition process is symbolically represented by the growth of a 'tree of knowledge' which is planted on a 'data ground', filled with 'information sap' and lit by the rays of the 'sun of the mind', a new symbol of the concept of wisdom in the DIKW model. As indicated, a key concept of this metaphorical interpretation is the role of 'information sap' which rises from the roots of the 'tree of knowledge' to the top of the tree and it is recognized as an invisible link between 'world of data' and 'world of knowledge.' This concept is also proposed as a new symbolic representation of the DIKW model. On the basis of specific symbolic-metaphorical representation, this paper provides a relatively new concept of information which may help bridge observed gaps in the understanding of information in various scientific fields, as well as in its understanding as an objective or subjective phenomenon
Linked data and libraries
U radu je dan prikaz koncepta povezanih podataka (linked data) kao semantiÄke nadogradnje postojeÄe mreže te razmotrena moguÄnost integracije knjižniÄnih kataloga i usluga pomoÄu spomenutog koncepta u globalnu inteligentno povezanu mrežu ā semantiÄki web. Na poÄetku rada govori se opÄenito o semantiÄkom webu i osnovnim naÄelima na kojima poÄiva. U dijelu rada koji razmatra koncept povezanih podataka, obraÄene su njegove glavne sastavnice ā URI (Uniform Resource Identifiers) i RDF (Resource Description Framework) ā naÄela, koraci za objavu povezanih podataka na mreži te licenciranje i neka sigurnosna pitanja u vezi istih. U posebnom dijelu rada objaÅ”njena je prednost pretraživanja povezanih podataka u odnosu na klasiÄno pretraživanje mreže kao i problem primjene koncepta povezanih podataka na knjižniÄnim zapisima. Analiziraju se svojstva MARC zapisa u mrežnom okruženju te razlika izmeÄu povezanih podataka i tradicionalnih kataloga. Pokazano je da je knjižniÄni zapis u MARC formatu samo Äitljiv dok bi isti takav zapis u RDF/XML obliku, integriran u povezane podatke, bio ne samo Äitljiv, nego i stroju ārazumljivā u semantiÄkom smislu. Na kraju rada zakljuÄeno je kako je tehnologija povezanih podataka velika prigoda za razvoj knjižniÄnih kataloga i usluga koje bi svoju ulogu u globalnoj inteligentno povezanoj mreži ā semantiÄki webu ā ispunjavale na mnogo uÄinkovitiji naÄin.The paper brings a review of the linked data concept as a semantic upgrade of the existing World Wide Web. It also analyzes the possibility of integrating library catalog and services into the intelligently linked network ā semantic web. The first part of the paper presents some basic principles of the semantic web in general. Then we discuss the main elements of the linked data (URI - Uniform Resource Identifiers and RDF - Resource Description Framework), its principal concepts, publishing procedure, licensing and some security issues. The next section explains the main advantage of linked data searching in comparison with the conventional web search. Furthermore, we discuss the application of linked data on library catalogue records. MARC properties are analyzed in a network environment as well as the difference between catalogue with linked data and traditional library catalogue. The analysis has shown that MARC record is only readable, while the same record in RDF/XML format integrated into linked data is also understandable in the semantic sense. The conclusion is that the linked data technology presents a great opportunity for further development of library catalogues and library services, but also a was to improve efficiency in the intelligently linked global network
Pojav tehnoloŔke triade: opisni pojem danaŔnje totalne realnosti
Scientific discourse refers to triads as conceptual structures whose purpose is to emphasize the connection between concepts included in the description of a certain phenomenon. The famous Popperās triad is comprised of the world of physical objects and processes (World 1), the world of mental objects, i.e. subjective human experience (World 2) and the world of objective knowledge (World 3), which can be thought of as all the products of thought ā the world of information, knowledge, scientific theories, literature, etc. During the past half-century, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and new media began to change our reality on all three levels. Using a comparative analysis, this paper will examine the impact ICT and new media have on the Popperās World 1, 2 and 3. As it will be shown, the modern age offers a new conceptual triad the aim of which is not to stand against the Popperās triad but to introduce new integral elements that intersect and interact with it. In this new triad the world of physical objects is being replaced by the world of virtual reality (i.e. the Virtual World), the world of mental objects is replaced by transmental objects (i.e. the Transmental World) and the world of objective knowledge is being replaced by the world of digitized data/information/knowledge in the context of developing AI (i.e. the Digital World). These new architectonic elements build new conceptual structure the aim of which is to define, describe and represent new interrelated concepts essential for better understanding of todayās totality of reality. They form new ontology of the world which describes reality as inseparable from the concepts of information and technology